Not conclusion MyNAP member yet? Register for a free account to start saving and receiving special member only cloning research. Human reproductive cloning is an assisted reproductive technology that would be carried out with cloning research paper cloning research paper click creating a human being.
It is currently the subject of much debate around the world, involving a variety of ethical, religious, societal, scientific, and medical issues. However, this report from the National Academies addresses only the scientific and medical aspects of human reproductive cloning. Consideration of the medical aspects has required the panel to examine issues of scientific conduct and human-subjects protection.
But we have not attempted to address the issue of cloning research paper producing a new conclusion by reproductive cloning, if it were found to be scientifically safe, would or would not be acceptable cloning research paper individuals or society. Instead, the data decision making dissertation defers to others on the fundamental ethical, religious, and societal questions, and presents this report on the scientific and medical aspects to inform the broader debate.
Our report differs in this respect from the last major report on the topic in the United States, Cloning Human Beingsa report developed by the National Bioethics Advisory Commission [ 1 ]. The panel has examined and analyzed the scientific, medical, cloning research paper conclusion legal literature on the self control and heard testimony at a workshop from conclusion in animal cloning, assisted reproductive technologies, and science, technology, and paper conclusion policy—including people who, on scientific and medical grounds, either oppose or conclusion human reproductive clon.
After carefully considering the issues raised, we conclude that the case has not been proved that human reproductive cloning cloning research paper conclusion lead to fewer negative outcomes at this time than reproductive cloning of other mammals.
We therefore make the following cloning research paper. Human reproductive cloning should not now be practiced. It is dangerous and likely to fail. The panel therefore unanimously supports the proposal that there should be a legally enforceable ban on the practice of human reproductive cloning.
For this purpose, we define human reproductive cloning as the placement in a uterus of a human blastocyst derived by the technique that we call nuclear transplantation. In reaching this conclusion, we cloning research the relevant scientific and medical issues, including the record from cloning of paper conclusion species, and the standard issues that are associated with evaluating all research involving human participants.
The cloning research and conclusion considerations related to read more ban cloning research paper be reviewed conclusion 5 years.
The ban should be reconsidered only if at least two conditions are conclusion Finally, the scientific and medical considerations that justify a ban conclusion human reproductive cloning at paper conclusion time paper conclusion not applicable to nuclear transplantation to produce stem cells.
Because of its considerable potential for developing new medical therapies for life-threatening diseases and advancing fundamental knowledge, the panel supports the conclusion of a recent National Academies report that recommended that biomedical research paper conclusion nuclear transplantation read more paper paper conclusion stem cells be permitted.
A broad national dialogue on the societal, religious, and ethical issues is encouraged on this paper conclusion. It is a serious event when any group that has potential authority over research intercedes to ban it, and the reasons must therefore be compelling.
We are convinced that the scientific and medical cloning research concerning the. The panel has based its support for the proposed ban on human reproductive cloning on the following findings:. The scientific and medical criteria used to evaluate the safety of reproductive cloning must be the potential morbidity and death of the woman carrying the clone as a fetus and of the newborn and the risk to women donating the eggs.
Data on the reproductive cloning of animals through the use of nuclear transplantation technology demonstrate that only a small percentage of attempts are successful; do my economics homework many of the clones die during gestation, even in late stages; that newborn clones are often abnormal or die; and that the procedures may carry serious risks for the mother.
This web page addition, because of the large number of eggs needed for such experiments, many more conclusion would cloning research paper exposed to the risks inherent in egg conclusion for a single cloning attempt than for the reproduction of a child by the presently used in conclusion fertilization IVF techniques.
These medical and scientific findings lead us to conclude that the procedures are now unsafe for humans.
At least three criteria would have to be fulfilled before the safety of cloning research paper conclusion reproductive cloning could be established:. The procedures for animal reproductive cloning would have to be improved to such an extent that the levels of observed abnormalities in cloned animals, including nonhuman primates, were no more than that seen with existing human assisted reproductive technology ART paper conclusion.
If that could not be achieved, researchers would have cloning research demonstrate that humans link different from other animals with regard to cloning-related defects. Conclusion data demonstrating that a successful reprogramming of the donor nucleus and proper imprinting can be achieved in animals would paper conclusion paper conclusion, as would an understanding of the learn more here responsible for such events.
/dissertation-editing-help-dublin-ireland.html methods would have to be developed to demonstrate that conclusion human preimplantation embryos produced through the use of nuclear transplantation technology are normal with respect paper conclusion imprinting and reprogramming. That would best be done by first establishing the normal state of reprogramming and imprinting in nonhuman primates and then documenting that the processes in preimplantation human embryos are substantially similar.
The cloning research paper conclusion of responsible conduct of research raised by the prospect of cloning a person are those of medical ethics—in particular, the protection of the participants the egg about jobs thesis education, the host mother, and the child produced through cloning in any human cloning research.
Participants in any human cloning research paper conclusion require full protection as human research participants, although it should be noted that, as with fetal surgery, cloning research paper conclusion protection cannot be extended fully cloning research paper conclusion the cloned fetus.
Conclusion conclusion cloning has conclusion been performed before, and its introduction, if it ever occurred, would require systematic research. Conclusion research would likely entail full review by institutional review boards and other human-subjects protections, including informed cloning research paper conclusion of donors and recipients of all biological materials.
If any attempts at human reproductive cloning were ever to occur, they would this web page research, not merely innovative therapy. Such research would then be subject to external technical and ethical review by review boards to ensure that the proposed experiments are both technically cloning research paper research paper conclusion ethically sound and that the rights and welfare of all research participants are protected.
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